![]() ![]() As of 28 July 2019, Library Genesis claims to have more than 2.4 million non-fiction books, 80 million science magazine articles, 2 million comics files, 2.2 million fiction books, and 0.4 million magazine issues. By 2014, its catalog was more than twice the size of library.nu with 1.2 million records. It subsequently absorbed the contents of, and became the functional successor to, library.nu, which was shut down by legal action in 2012. In the early 21st century, the efforts became coordinated, and integrated into one massive system known as Library Genesis, or LibGen, around 2008. Librarians became especially active, using borrowed access passwords to download copies of scientific and scholarly articles from Western Internet sources, then uploading them to RuNet. The volunteers moved into the Russian computer network ("RuNet") in the 1990s, which became awash with hundreds of thousands of uncoordinated contributions. This was legalized under President Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s, and expanded very rapidly at a time of affordable desktop computers and scanners, and very small research budgets. In a society where access to printing was strictly controlled by heavy-handed censorship, dissident intellectuals hand copied and retyped manuscripts for secret circulation. Library Genesis has roots in the illegal underground samizdat culture in the Soviet Union. Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |